Analysis of the Relationship between Medical Achievement Self-Efficacy Perception and Impostor Phenomenon in the Postgraduate Education Process: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the correlation between the impostor phenomenon and the level of academic self-efficacy. Based on the acquired findings, it is possible to take supportive and preventive measures. Methods This descriptive study was carried out at the xxx University Faculty of Medicine. A total of 1133 residents were invited to participate in the study. The data were collected by using Google Forms. The response rate was 23.04% (n = 261). Results The age and sex of the participants did not significantly correlate with the Medical Achievement Self-Efficacy Scale (MASS) or Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) scores. The participants were divided into five groups at 12-month intervals according to the time at which the study was completed in the Department of Medicine. The median CIPS score of the 0–12 month group was 62 (Q1:53, Q3:70), and the median MASS score was 55 (Q1:44, Q3:67). A significant correlation was found between the time spent in the department and the CIPS score and the MASS score (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between the CIPS score and the independent variable (standardized B= -0.668, p < 0.001). Conclusions To improve the self-efficacy of residents, it is advisable to implement support and mentoring initiatives, especially starting from the initial year of residency. Academic self-efficacy can be enhanced by identifying groups with high levels of impostor syndrome and offering them the required support.