Efficacy and safety of office-based diode laser ablation for recurrent low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer under local anaesthesia: A pilot study

Introduction Low-grade tumors account for approximately 50% of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with recurrence rates between 46% and 62%. Management of NMIBC recurrence typically involves transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) under general or regional anesthesia, which carries perioperative risks and considerable healthcare costs due to repeated procedures. Therefore, less invasive treatments such as office-based laser ablation, which aim to manage recurrences and reduce inpatient procedures without compromising oncological control, are needed.