Desensitization of olipudase alfa-induced anaphylaxis in a child with chronic neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency

Olipudase alfa is indicated for the non-central nervous system manifestations of Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD). Anaphylaxis is a very rare and life-threatening adverse reaction described for this drug. Here, we report the case of a 2-year-old boy affected by chronic neurovisceral ASMD who experienced signs of hypersensitivity reactions to olipudase alfa since the administered dose of 1 mg/kg during dose escalation and a proper anaphylactic reaction during the second administration of the target therapeutic dose of 3 mg/kg. The treatment was stopped for 15 weeks and then a 7-step desensitization protocol with the infused dose of 0.03 mg/kg was applied. Subsequent gradual dose escalation was resumed, successfully reaching the dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Moreover, biochemical, and radiological disease indexes, which were increased during treatment discontinuation, have gradually improved since the restart of treatment. However, at the second administration of the dose of 0.6 mg/kg, the patient experienced another adverse drug reaction with facial urticarial rash and bronchospasm, requiring the administration of adrenaline, methylprednisolone, and inhaled salbutamol. This case report highlights the need to customize the olipudase alfa desensitization protocol according to individual tolerance and raises the issue of achieving the established therapeutic target in the most sensitive children.