Emerging Materials for High-Efficiency Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

OLED plays a vital role in the realization of full-color display and lighting solutions. However, the development of blue OLED faces many challenges, such as energy gap issues, stability, and efficiency. This paper aims to explore the key role that advances in materials science and physics have played in the improvement of blue OLED technology. Firstly, the importance of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap in blue OLEDs for luminescence color is illustrated by explaining the electroluminescence process in organic compounds, with special attention to exciton formation and recombination mechanism. Subsequently, advances in light-emitting materials in blue OLED, including the development of phosphorescent materials and TADF materials, are discussed in depth, and examples from recent research papers are cited. In addition, strategies of molecular design in improving the stability of blue luminescent materials are discussed, and case studies of relevant research papers are provided. In terms of device structure and material selection, this paper analyzes the development of host materials and transport materials and introduces the influence on the performance optimization of blue OLED. Finally, the challenges faced by blue OLED materials and possible breakthrough directions for future materials science research are discussed.