Predation of Two Species of Columbidae by the Burrowing Owl Athene Cunicularia (Strigiformes, Strigidae) in Urban Environment

Abstract The burrowing owl Athene cunicularia is a species known for its adaptation to urban environments, being able to adjust their behaviors according to environmental conditions. This work reports the records of predation of two species of columbids by Athene cunicularia. 63 burrowing owl nests were monitored in the state of Paraná between June 2022 and July 2023. The identification of predated species occurred through direct observation at the time of predation and by comparison between wings and feathers found in the owls’ nests with pictures of the suspected species. Both Columba livia and Zenaida auriculata were registered, counting seven records. Six occurred in different points of the study area, while one occurred in the state of Roraima. The predation of these birds by Athene cunicularia should not be isolated cases, as they cohabit urban areas. Our data highlights the species' adjustment to the urban environment since the domestic pigeon is not part of its known diet and has about 146.1% of the owl’s body mass, reinforcing the importance of Athene cunicularia in urban environments as it controls the populations of species that can be harmful to humans.