Molecular Design Strategies for Next-Generation Organic Photovoltaic Materials

The molecular design strategy of the new generation of organic photovoltaic materials is an important direction of the development of photovoltaic technology. In this paper, the research progress of molecular design strategy of new generation organic photovoltaic materials is systematically summarized, and the importance of molecular design in the development of organic photovoltaic technology is deeply expounded. Starting from the basic principle and early development stage of OPV, this paper compares the performance of conjugated polymers and small molecules as active layers and then introduces the method to improve the charge transfer efficiency by adjusting the energy level. In addition, this paper focuses on analyzing the current advanced molecular design ideas of donor materials and acceptor materials, such as side chain engineering of molecules, the three-dimensional structure of control materials, etc., which lays a foundation for the improvement of organic photovoltaic performance. The paper offers insights into the trends and challenges of technological progress in three aspects: stability design, scalable synthesis, and environmentally friendly materials. In the future, improving the photochemical and thermal stability of materials through molecular design will be an important direction. Therefore, better molecular design strategies play a central role in advancing organic photovoltaic technology, and their potential and application prospects are broad.