A nonionic surfactant has been developed from agricultural waste and its potential application for the Ni-catalyzed C–P cross-coupling reaction in water. The surfactant was fully characterized by various spectroscopic and imaging techniques. The size of the micelles and morphological changes in the presence of catalysts/substrates were established using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and confocal microscopy. Controlled 31P NMR, 19F NMR, mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the possible reactive intermediates and reaction mechanisms. The synthesis of surfactant has been shown in 20 g and C–P cross-coupling reaction in 1 g scale, respectively.
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Keshari et al. (2024) studied this question.
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