Comparative in‐vitro analysis of amniotic Fluid's efficacy in sustaining viability and regulating apoptosis of periodontal fibroblasts versus HBSS

Background Tooth avulsion necessitates swift replantation, for which the preservation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability is paramount. Various storage media have been explored, yet a comparison between amniotic fluid (AF) obtained at different gestational stages (amniocentesis and full‐term) and HBSS is lacking. Aim This study aims to evaluate AF (amniocentesis and full‐term) against HBSS in sustaining PDL cell viability and regulating apoptosis at different time points. Material and Methods Periodontal fibroblasts cultured in α‐MEM were treated with 100% AF (amniocentesis), 100% AF (full‐term), and HBSS, incubated for 1, 3, 24, and 48 h at 37°C, and assessed using the MTT assay for viability and AO/EB staining for apoptosis, which was analyzed via fluorescent microscopy after 24 h. Statistical analysis was conducted using one‐way ANOVA, multivariate ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison tests ( p < .05). Results Amniotic fluid (amniocentesis) exhibited the highest optical density (OD), which implies the highest cell viability across time intervals, followed by AF (full‐term) and HBSS. While HBSS maintained PDL morphology, both AF groups showed altered morphology. No cell death was observed after 24 h. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, both AF groups showed the potential to sustain PDL cell viability after 1, 3, 24, and 48 h of storage. However, further investigation is warranted regarding their suitability as storage media.