Non- Syndromic Oligodontia With Taurodontism: An Enigmatic Case

Tooth agenesis is a frequently observed congenital anomaly in humans. While the absence of one or more teeth is common, the absence of multiple teeth is less frequent. Oligodontia refers to the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. Related terms like hypodontia or dental agenesis are used to describe the absence of primary or permanent teeth. The prevalence of oligodontia in permanent dentition is reported to be 0.14%. It typically occurs as part of a syndrome and rarely appears as an isolated condition. Genes responsible for nonsyndromic oligodontia are found to be MSX1, PAX, AXIN2 and EDA gene, as well as environmental factors, are implicated in its etiology. Early diagnosis through clinical and radiographic examinations is essential for evaluating the number and position of present and absent teeth, as well as the condition of the alveolar ridge. This assessment is essential for comprehensive treatment planning involving a multidisciplinary team. Here we present an interesting case of oligodontia with taurodontism in a 14-year-old male child not associated with any syndrome.