An annoyance model for urban air mobility vehicle noise in the presence of a masker

Proposed Urban Air Mobility (UAM) operations offer an alternative to road and rail traffic for local and regional movement of people and goods. To allow for large-scale adoption of UAM vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft, it is critical to predict human annoyance response to the noise generated by these vehicles. This paper proposes a model that predicts an individual's perceived level of annoyance when presented with UAM VTOL aircraft noise in addition to a masking noise. The model predicts changes in annoyance based on subjective evaluation of detection, noticeability, and annoyance of noise in the presence of a masker. The application of this annoyance model will influence future work for a psychoacoustic annoyance model that incorporates UAM sound quality.