Assessment of Smear Layer Removal and Push-Out Bond Strength Efficacy of Traditional and Herbal Root Canal Irrigants Across Different Root Levels: An In Vitro Study

Endodontic therapy requires meticulous root canal debridement, pathogen elimination, and effective obturation to prevent microbial intrusion. The presence of the smear layer hinders sealer penetration, compromising sealing effectiveness. Sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine are esteemed endodontic irrigants. Herbal extracts like neem and tulsi, with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, show promise for root canal irrigation. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various irrigants in removing the smear layer and enhancing push-out bond strength at different root canal levels.