Serial Assessment of Hemodynamic and Cerebrovascular Changes After Administration of Mannitol in Postoperative Neurosurgical Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Combined Transthoracic and Transcranial Color Doppler Study

Mannitol is widely used in neurosurgical units to mitigate raised intracranial pressure and cerebral edema, crucial in postoperative management. Its hyperosmolar properties reduce brain extracellular fluid, thereby altering cerebral perfusion and cardiac dynamics. However, the temporal and combined effects of mannitol on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular parameters remain inadequately explored in postoperative settings.