Recent Advances in Functionalized Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Biosensor

Nanotechnology has a profound impact on various aspects of our daily lives, revolutionizing industries and enabling new technologies. Nanomaterials have become a very interesting and promising field of study because of their remarkable physical, chemical, and electrical characteristics at the nanoscale. The development of electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterial indeed represents one of the most rapidly advancing scientific fields today, driven by the convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and materials science. The integration of receptor molecules with nanomaterial characteristics for biomarker detection has resulted in the fabrication of biosensors with improved sensing capabilities. The development techniques of nanostructures and nanomaterials enable careful design of materials with specific characteristics for an extensive variety of industrial applications, including energy, electronics, healthcare, and environmental technologies. Nanomaterials are revolutionizing electrochemical biosensor technology offering unique properties that enhance sensor sensitivity, selectivity, and performance. This review explores various types of nanomaterials, their synthesis methods, functionalization strategies, and applications in sensor technologies as well as the difficulties and opportunities in this fascinating sector going forward. Electrochemical biosensor platforms represent transformative tools in healthcare, with diverse applications ranging from early disease detection to personalized therapy monitoring. The primary aim of this review is to showcase the latest developments in the creation of biosensing and functional nanomaterial-based sensing systems for biomedical applications.