Wearable Biosensors for Non-invasive Sweat Analysis

Wearable biosensors, especially sweat sensors have drawn significant attention in recent years. Sweat is of importance for its wealth of biomarkers about physiological states. It is therefore utilized for health monitoring, exercise monitoring and so on. Physiological states of individuals can be analyzed through non-invasive wearable sweat biosensors. This paper introduces progress made in sweat sensing technology, including soft materials and microfluidic networks that achieved sweat collection without evaporation. Recent research improved sweat capture of rest individuals and led to robust biosensing assays involving the integration of biosensing arrays and flexible substrates. Novel non-invasive wearable sweat biosensors for the analysis of glucose, alcohol, lactate, and urea were also proposed recently, as well as a sweat sensor capable of analyzing these biomarkers simultaneously. These biosensors all had outstanding sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. While existing wearable sweat sensors have multiple challenges, the future of non-invasive sweat sensing is still promising.