Seismic vulnerability, municipality of Toluca: a holistic analysis of the structural, social and economic aspects

This research integrates physical, social, and economic aspects to address seismic vulnerability in the municipality of Toluca, Mexico. The objective is to design and implement a procedure that estimates seismic vulnerability at the urban block scale. The developed method combines physical and socio-economic dimensions to assess seismic vulnerability. The physical dimension includes susceptibility to seismic resonance, as well as the age and type of constructions, while the socio-economic dimension is based on the marginalization index. Mapping covers 7,807 urban blocks where five levels of vulnerability are identified, with 46.6% exhibiting severe and very severe levels. The resulting zoning is a robust tool for risk reduction, particularly for justifying the implementation of actions aimed at reducing vulnerability.