Natural rubber/cellulose nanofiber (NR/CNF) composites exhibit improved dry tensile properties compared with neat NR sheets. However, the presence of hydrophilic CNFs in the composites causes low water resistance, resulting in high water content and low tensile strength when the composites are soaked in water at 70 °C for 7 d. Herein, water-resistant NR/CNF composites were developed by adding zinc methacrylate or aluminum acrylate, and the oven-dried NR/CNF/additive materials were counterion-exchanged with 0.1 M NH4OH. X-ray fluorescence analysis of the composite sheets indicates the reasons and mechanisms for the improved water resistance of the composites prepared with the tested additives by post-counterion exchange.
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Noguchi et al. (2024) studied this question.
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