Evaluating Circularity and Sustainability in Plastic Waste Recycling: Open and Closed-Loop Technologies

In a world grappling with mounting plastic waste, the pursuit of sustainable plastic waste management has become pivotal in aligning with Circular Economy (CE) goals, with a strong emphasis on resource conservation, product durability, and carbon footprint reduction. The strategic implementation of recycling methods serves as a stepping stone for transitioning from linear to circular models. This work delves into plastic waste recycling technologies, specifically focusing on open and closed-loop approaches, providing a comprehensive evaluation anchored on economic, environmental, and circularity criteria. Different recycling techniques are thoroughly examined, with particular attention given to chemical recycling methods such as pyrolysis and gasification. This work introduces a comprehensive screening model driven by a new proposed circularity metric validated through a case study to assess these recycling pathways. The results reveal the substantial potential of chemical recycling technologies compared to conventional incineration for energy recovery. Pyrolysis refinery and methanol production from plastic waste demonstrate triple and double the profitability of incineration while significantly enhancing the overall contribution of CE. This work emphasizes the imperative of a sustainable approach to plastic waste management by balancing different metrics considerations.