A Four-Year Trend of Ceftriaxone Resistance and Associated Risk Factors Among Different Clinical Samples in Wad Medani, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Introduction In sub-Saharan Africa, including Sudan, there is commonly no local data on the bacterial profile or antibiotic resistance pattern. Therefore, to bridge these gaps, this study aimed to evaluate ceftriaxone resistance patterns and associated risk factors among different clinical samples. Methods This study was a laboratory-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study. All clinical specimens were obtained from patients at Wad Medani and examined at the Pathology Center for Diagnosis and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan, from January 2020 to October 2023. Results Overall, 1784 specimens exhibited bacterial growth over four years. Of these, 1260 (70.6%) were females. Approximately one-third of the 588 (33%) studied patients were aged 30 to 44 years. Of the studied samples, 1108 (62.1%) were urine, and 465 (26.1%) were wound swabs.