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Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution are fundamental in shaping Indonesia's governance, societal values, and legal framework, especially regarding the right to a clean and healthy environment. Despite their significance, environmental degradation continues due to insufficient corporate accountability and systemic flaws. This article examines Indonesia's regulatory approach to holding corporations accountable for environmental crimes through the lens of Pancasila. It investigates how Pancasila's principles—emphasizing harmony with nature, fair treatment, and social justice—inform environmental regulations and enforcement strategies. Effective alignment with these principles can foster sustainable development and environmental protection. However, challenges such as regulatory gaps and corruption must be addressed. Developing an optimal framework involves integrating Pancasila values into both preventive and punitive measures, ensuring transparency, community participation, and equitable enforcement. Success depends on robust legal structures and public engagement, including corporate collaboration, transparency, and strict liability enforcement. The implementation of this framework may require the establishment of mechanisms such as an Environmental Court and community oversight for victim recovery. This article employs a normative approach, elaborated through conceptual and statutory analysis.
Arief et al. (Tue,) studied this question.