Research progress on the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying soybean aluminum resistance

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a global agricultural problem affecting crop growth and yield in acid soils. Approximately 35% of soybean (Glycine max) cultivation areas worldwide consist of acidic soils, making Al stress a major constraint for soybean production. The physiological and molecular mechanisms by which soybeans cope with Al toxicity have been extensively studied. This review focuses on recent research into the physiological, molecular, and genetic basis of soybean Al-resistance. It also summarizes our understandings of the regulatory mechanisms involved in soybean responses to Al toxicity.