The Formation of Secular Musical and Theatrical Art of the Urban Population of Western Siberia in the Xviii Century

Цель статьи – на основе документов, хранящихся в фондах Государственного архива в г. Тобольске, эпистолярного наследия и других источников проследить становление светского музыкально-театрального искусства городского населения Западной Сибири в XVIII столетии. Музыкальная традиция горожан приобретала новомодные черты: воинские команды обладали штатами музыкантов; создавались гарнизонные и домашние оркестры при дворах высшего чиновничества, певческие коллективы, клубные объединения, проводились концерты, балы и маскарады. К концу XVIII столетия в Тобольске, Омске, Барнауле, Петропавловске и других сибирских городах начали работу городские театры, где было возможно познакомиться с современными жанрами – балетом, оперой, концертом. Развитие музыкально-театральной жизни сибирских городов имело специфические черты: значительная роль принадлежала местному и опальному чиновничеству, политическим ссыльным. Introduction. The article examines the musical and theatrical art formation in the culture of the Western Siberia urban population in the 18th century. Methods and materials. The goal is according to the documents kept in the Tobolsk national archives, a vassal heritage, as well as other sources, to trace the development of secular music and drama among the Western Siberia urban population in the 18th century. The methodological basis of the research was formed by general scientific methods and historic principles, objectivity and value-based approach, narrative, systemic, synergetic, and historical-comparative methods. This made it possible to see the musical and theatrical art as an open ties system with special specific features of development in the Siberian culture context and as a translator of the spiritual values ​​of the proclaimed century. Analysis and results. Townspeople's festive culture new traditions were formed, where the religious and spiritual principle gradually gave way to peculiar phenomena of the secular culture. New reflection forms of the holiday were fixed in parades, lunches, dinners, official receptions of the population upper strata of the Western Siberia cities. Each city resident continued the holiday in accordance with his class status. The townspeople musical tradition was acquiring newfangled features: military teams had a musicians staff; garrison and home bands at the high officials courts; singing groups, club associations, concerts, balls and masquerades. Having an instrument at home – a piano or violin is considered a sign of the good tone. By the end of the 18th century, urban theatres in Tobolsk, Omsk, Barnaul, Petropavlovsk and other Siberia cities began to operate, where it was possible to familiar with modern types of ballet, opera, concert. Conclusion. The musical and theatrical life development of Siberian cities had specific features: it was introduced by local and disgraced officials, political exiles. The secular culture in the region was mainly concentrated among the small nobility of Western Siberia. One of the Siberian culture characteristics is the lack of serfdom and professional music education.