Microbial Characterization and Risk Factors Associated with Abnormal Vaginal Discharge among Women in Katagum Local Government, Bauchi State Nigeria

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty This study provides comprehensive identification of microorganisms associated with abnormal vaginal discharge in a specific population, providing a unique microbial profile for women in Katagum Local Government, Bauchi State. By correlating microbial presence with socioeconomic status and urban residency, the research highlights specific risk factors contributing to higher prevalence rates, which have not been previously detailed in this region. Furthermore, the extensive documentation of gynecological symptoms linked to abnormal vaginal discharge offers valuable insights for targeted public health interventions and potential management strategies within the community. Full Abstract Abnormal vaginal discharge presents a significant public health issue stemming from various infectious and non-infectious causes. This study sought to identify the microorganisms linked to abnormal vaginal discharge, evaluate associated risk factors, and determine its prevalence among women in Katagum Local Government, Bauchi State. A cross-sectional study involving 390 women was carried out at Extreme Hospital Azare. High vaginal swabs were collected and subjected to microbial isolation using MacConkey Agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Identification techniques such as Gram staining, biochemical tests, and the germ tube test were employed. The isolated microorganisms included Staphylococcus aureus (40%), Candida spp. (5.90%), Klebsiella spp (15.38%), Proteus spp. (9.49%), and Escherichia coli (15.13%). Notably, individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and urban settings displayed a higher prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge. Detailed documentation of gynecological symptoms like vulva itching, dysuria, dyspareunia, and lower abdominal pains was undertaken. Women aged 25-34 years exhibited a higher prevalence of microorganisms associated with abnormal vaginal discharge. The overall prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge in the studied population was 47.7%. This study offers valuable insights into the microbial profile and associated risk factors, contributing to the understanding and potential management of abnormal vaginal discharge within the community.