Surface DBD (SDBD) discharge maintained in moist air in the immediate vicinity of the water surface is an effective source of reactive species for the production of plasma-activated water (PAW). In this work, we investigated the water activation process for two different DBD energization methods; i.e. using periodic HV pulses with nanosecond risetimes and amplitude-modulated HV AC. We combined UV–vis–NIR ICCD spectroscopy with electrical characteristics to determine the basic characteristics of SDBD microfilaments. Formation of N 2 O 5 /NO 2 /N 2 O/H 2 O 2 /NO 2 − /NO 3 − species was followed and the production yields of species generated in PAW (H 2 O 2 /NO 2 − /NO 3 − ) were determined in a flow-through reactor under well-defined and stable discharge conditions. Both energization methods reached comparable energy efficiencies of nitrogen fixation in the range of 1–6 g kWh −1 with minimal concentrations of H 2 O 2 (10 s μM). However, the AC-powered SDBD produced mainly NO 3 − with minimal NO 2 − (1/10 of NO 3 − ), while in the case of pulsed SDBD the better-balanced NO 2 − /NO 3 − ratio was achieved.
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Fujera et al. (2024) studied this question.
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