Overview of image segmentation methods based on deep learning

Image segmentation is an important branch of computer vision, which has been widely used in many research fields. In order to understand the research status in the field of image segmentation, this paper systematically analyses and compares the traditional image segmentation method and the image segmentation method based on deep learning. Firstly, the development, advantages, and disadvantages of traditional image segmentation methods are summarized according to the three types of segmentation methods based on threshold, edge, and region. Then, the segmentation network models of three commonly used image segmentation methods based on deep learning, namely, fully convolutional neural network, pyramid scene analysis network, and Mask R-CNN, are analyzed. Based on the previous experimental results and the current research progress based on deep learning models, the problems of contour edge optimization and multi-level pixel information fusion in the field of image segmentation are summarized. At the same time, improvement ideas are put forward for the existing problems. Finally, the improvement and development of future image segmentation methods are prospected, which provides a reference for the subsequent research of segmentation methods.