Current Progress in Exploring Structural Changes in Brown Algae Fucoxanthin and Its Potential Bioactivity for Human Health

Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid found in brown seaweed. Its potential anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have recently attracted interest. This interest is driven by the growing awareness of natural compounds promoting well-being, ongoing research into their health impacts and their appeal to the food and supplement industries. Brown seaweed is a major source of fucoxanthin and its global cultivation is on the rise. Fucoxanthin’s structural characteristics contribute to its bioactivity. Isomerization, influenced by factors like light and heat, can alter its biological activity. Recent studies highlight the importance of the cis/trans isomer ratio in determining fucoxanthin’s biological effects. This review uses narrative approaches to explore fucoxanthin’s potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, emphasizing its source from brown seaweed and considerations for maximizing bioavailability and stability. The dynamic landscape of fucoxanthin research underscores its promising role in human health, encapsulating its multifaceted benefits within a concise framework. HIGHLIGHTS Fucoxanthin from brown seaweed has potential anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties Interest in fucoxanthin is rising due to its natural origin and health benefits. The global cultivation of brown seaweed is increasing, driven by demand for fucoxanthin Fucoxanthin’s bioactivity is influenced by its structure and isomer ratios Stability and extraction methods are crucial for optimizing fucoxanthin’s use in food and pharmaceuticals GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT