Interplay of Growth Hormone and Thyroid Axis in Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism: Insights from an Experimental Case-Control Study on thyroid hormones and gene expression

This research brings up the complicated interplay between growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormones in both hypo and hyperthyroid misunderstandings, focusing on their physiological parameters represented by hormonal changes and hereditary influences in premature male rats. Fifty immature male rats, 30 days of age, weighting 160 ± 5g were used and divided randomly into 5 groups (10 rats each) involved for 21 days: the first G1 (control) were given normal saline subcutaneously, the second G2 induced by growth hormone deficiency via sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDT) subcutaneously, the 3rd one were given a growth hormone (Norditropin) subcutaneously, while 4th G4 induced hypothyroidism by Propylthiouracil (PTU) orally, and the 5th G5 induced hyperthyroidism by (Levothyroxine) orally. Our data for this experiment revealed that the TSH has a high significant value at the level of p> 0.05 in both G4 and G2 than other groups including G1.On the other hand not only T3 but also T4 show a significancy in G3 and G5. Regarding rT3 in G3 and G4 display highest level in contrast to the other groups. Another set of studied hormones such as TBG and TPO in G4 registered the highest level while GH and IGF-1 revealed an elevation in only G2 and G5. The gene expression results showed that GH and IGF-1 are up regulated in comparison to the rest of the groups. In conclusion, one hormonal agent system can considerably effect on other various hormonal activities, emphasizing the demand for a detailed strategy in taking care of endocrine circumstances.