Comparison of Conventional Cytomorphology, Automated Cell Counting, and FTIR Spectroscopy for Detection of CNS Involvement in Acute Leukaemia

Background The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in pediatric leukemia patients presents significant diagnostic challenges. This study compares the diagnostic capabilities of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy with conventional cytomorphology and automated cell counting to detect CNS involvement in pediatric leukemia. Methods A cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with leukemia was assessed at Altınbaş University Medical Park Hospital. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and compared with outcomes from conventional cytomorphology and automated cell counting to evaluate diagnostic efficacy and accuracy. Results FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated a higher sensitivity in detecting biochemical markers of CNS involvement than conventional methods. Distinct spectral profiles enabled the identification of specific biochemical changes associated with CNS leukemia. Conclusions FTIR spectroscopy offers a promising alternative to traditional diagnostic methods, providing rapid, non-invasive, and accurate detection of CNS involvement, which is crucial for timely and effective treatment of pediatric leukemia.