An ARDL Approach to Investigate the Effectiveness of Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Making Bangladesh, A Role Model of Development

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study is to analyze the relative efficacy of monetary and fiscal policies in fostering economic growth in Bangladesh concerning predictability, speed, and magnitude. Moreover, it aims to find the relationship between the economic boom of Bangladesh and two measures of macroeconomic management i.e., monetary and fiscal policy. The ARDL model and bound test are applied to examine the long-term link between monetary policy, fiscal policy, and economic growth. Data is obtained from the World Development Indicator (WDI) for Bangladesh for the period 1974 to 2022. Several diagnostics tests like CUSUM and CUSUMQ are used to identify both the strengths and weaknesses of the models. The findings demonstrated a long-term correlation between the two policies and economic growth. According to the calculated short-run coefficients, the short-term effect of fiscal policy is mentionable but the effect of monetary policy is negligible in the short term. But over time, the immediate effects become noteworthy. The long-term outcomes indicated that both fiscal and monetary policies have a favorable and substantial long-term impact on economic growth. The result shows fiscal policy is more effective compared to monetary policy for making Bangladesh, a role model of Bangladesh. Furthermore, all the diagnostics tests showed the stability of the estimated ARDL model. Expansionary fiscal and monetary policies lead to higher government spending and an increase in the money supply, which raises GDP levels. Conversely, if government spending and the money supply decline (contractionary fiscal and monetary policies), the GDP level falls. As a result, this study suggests using expansionary policies to boost Bangladesh’s economy.