Estimation of red clay soil in Kirkuk City using Satellite remote sensing data

The focus of this study is to generate maps of clay and clay mineral deposits in the Kirkuk, Bor, and Jambor structures using Landsat imagery. The authors utilized the band ratio (5/7) and band composite (3,4,5) techniques in their analysis. Fifty-two sites were selected as testing data to evaluate the accuracy of the generated map, which showed a correlation of 0.74. The study concludes that remote sensing techniques provide a cost-effective and accurate means to map the locations of clay and clay mineral deposits, offering an alternative to traditional mapping methods.