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Abstract Plant phenology influences both the terrestrial carbon cycle and land-atmosphere interactions, and therefore can potentially modify large-scale circulations in the atmosphere. However, considerable discrepancies are present among models and between model simulations and observations of plant phenology, adding large uncertainties to future climate projections. Here we modified plant phenology in the Northern Hemisphere in the Community Earth System Model and conducted simulations to characterize how differences in plant phenology influence land-atmosphere coupling. Plant phenology changes the land surface and land-atmosphere interactions by directly modulating absorbed solar radiation and evapotranspiration and indirectly modifying cloud feedback and snow-albedo feedback. Over the Northern Hemisphere, the largest effects occur from March to June when seasonal deciduous phenology is modified from satellite-derived values to model simulations, which results in a >3K increase in surface temperature that propagates to 500hPa (~5km height). Phenology-induced changes in canopy evapotranspiration and surface temperature depend on soil moisture availability during the growing season. Surface temperature decreases significantly due to increasing latent heat flux and cloud reflection where soil moisture is abundant, while soil moisture control over evapotranspiration increases and surface temperature remains little-changed or even increases in more arid regions. Characterizing the influence of phenology on biogeophysical processes is critical, as significant impacts are present both at the land surface and in the atmospheric layers above.
Li et al. (Mon,) studied this question.