Exploring Leishmaniasis: Contemporary modalities, potentiality of plant chemicals and green synthesized nanotherapeutics as effective leishmanicidal drugs

Leishmaniasis, a widely distributed contagious parasitic sickness transmitted by protozoa from the genus Leishmania, belonging to Trypanosomatidae family, ranking as the third most prevalent vector-borne illnesses globally, after malaria and sleeping sickness.It is well acknowledged that current pharmaceutical treatments associated with leishmaniasis treatment and other parasitic protozoan diseases lack efficiency and affordability.Additionally, current treatments are outdated and associated with several drawbacks, such as potential to damage healthy cells and the emergence of drug resistance, which might pose a serious challenge.So, there is an immediate need for innovative and effective substitutes to these chemical treatments.Natural products and herbal therapies have now emerged as potent candidates for treating leishmaniasis.Medicinal plants and green synthesized nanocarriers are thought to be a substantial source of novel compounds with therapeutic benefits; therefore, new therapeutics can be found in large numbers in the plant kingdom.This review article examines both conventional treatments and the novel approach of plant-based green synthesized nanodrugs as a promising therapeutic intervention to cure leishmaniasis, alongside discussing their futuristic improvements.