Progressive aneurysm formation of the superior vena cava following a bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis

Atrial septal defect (ASD) with a persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) that drains into the left atrium (LA) and the absence of a coronary sinus (CS) without a bridging vein is a rare congenital heart disease [1]. If the traditional methods for managing LSVC during ASD repair are not feasible or preferred [1], alternative methods such as dividing the LSVC and reimplanting it to the main pulmonary artery (MPA) [1] or the left pulmonary artery (LPA) (i.e., left bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis or left bidirectional Glenn [BDG] shunt) [2] have been reported.