P-296 DDT Water Contamination and the Impact on Water Quality Access in Africa in Relation to Human Health Risks

Introduction DDT usage is prohibited in developed nations but exempted for malaria vector control in several developing countries. Pollution of water systems from DDT applications is a significant human health risk for exposed workers and communities but no review has been conducted before in Africa. Methods The study reviewed available research investigating the levels of DDT residues in water sources in Africa and assessed the consequent human health risks. A scoping review of published studies conducted in Africa was facilitated through a search using 4 databases. Results A total of 20 studies in 10 African countries were reviewed. DDT residues were detected in several surface and ground water sources and municipal supplies including drinking water, with levels ranging between 0- 81. µg/l, 35% exceeding the Word Health Organisation drinking water guideline (1 µg/l). DDT residues were detected throughout the year but were higher during the rainy season. A cancer risk from DDT was found in 2 out of 5 studies that conducted health risk assessments, both investigating drinking water. Discussion As in other developing countries, limited data is available in Africa. Conclusion Evidence of human health risks was found as the concentration of DDT residues exceeded drinking water guidelines and/or cancer risk permissible limits in several drinking sources in African water systems. Alternative methods for malaria vector control should be investigated. Larger studies that include risk assessments and seasonal monitoring of DDT residues in multiple water sources are recommended.