Covid-19 Coronavirus Infection in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Literature Review and Own Experience

The presented literature review presents studies, including our own, on the peculiarities of the course of coronavirus infection in patients with hemoblastosis, in particular in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). It has been shown that in patients with MM attachment of the SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 coronavirus infection, the prognosis of the patient’s life significantly worsens, which makes significant changes in the overall survival and mortality rates. Factors that worsen the prognosis of life in patients with MM are old age, male gender, uncontrolled/active disease and/or high risk of MM, concomitant diseases, MM beyond remission, acute course of SARS-CoV-2 COVID19, interruption of treatment without subsequent resumption. Patients with MM are at high risk of severe coronavirus infection COVID-19 and mortality, however, this risk is lower compared to coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 and Delta. MM patients receiving anti-BCMA therapy do not respond to vaccination and have a risk of developing severe course and progression of coronavirus infection due to the lack of an immune response of some Omicron variants. Patients with MM should be vaccinated with updated mRNA-based booster vaccines adapted to Omicron. In case of COVID-19 coronavirus infection, patients with MM should be prescribed oral effective antiviral drugs or remdesivir. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 COVID19 patients with MM should be carried out in full according to the clinical guidelines for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 COVID19.