Covid-19 Coronavirus Infection in Patients after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Literature Review and Own Experience

The presented literature review presents studies, including our own, on the peculiarities of the course of coronavirus infection in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It has been shown that patients after HSCT represent an increased risk group for severe COVID-19 and adverse outcomes. The factors that worsen the prognosis of life of patients after HSCT were old age, male gender, uncontrolled/active disease, concomitant diseases, acute course of SARS-CoV-2 COVID19. It is necessary to carry out monitoring, early diagnosis (regular and timely testing for the virus) and the use of effective prevention and treatment protocols in patients after HSCT in a pandemic. Early diagnosis of infection can prevent the spread of the virus, start treatment quickly and take measures to isolate the patient. In the early period after HSCT, patients are at higher risk of developing lower respiratory tract infection, more often need the appointment of antifungal drugs, antibacterial drugs of reserve groups and have greater risks of death from COVID-19. Therapy with genetically engineered biological drugs is not contraindicated in the case of leukopenia and agranulocytosis in this group of patients. As a result of the analysis, there were no differences in the survival rates of patients after autologous and allogeneic HSCT.