In this study, we estimate the effect of workplace automation on the probability of unionization, examining different worker groups in the manufacturing sector in Norway. The results show that automation increases the probability of unionization for the most exposed workers. This group of workers is the most negatively affected in terms of employment and wages, suggesting that the increase in unionization rates is a response to job and wage uncertainty arising from automation.
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Umblijs et al. (2024) studied this question.
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