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An area of research that promotes independent English learning in and outside of the classroom is facilitated by metacognition theory.Flavell (1979) broadly defined metacognition as knowledge and regulation of cognitive activities of the learner.Metacognition comprises metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive strategies.Metacognitive knowledge refers to one's awareness about his/her cognitive process or thinking process, and is able to reflect on his/her process of learning.There are three components of metacognitive knowledge: person, task and strategy variables (Lee Pintrich, 2002; Teng, 2020 a).On the other hand, metacognitive strategy means to exert control during information processing that include planning, monitoring and selfevaluating (Flavell, 1979;Lee & Mak, 2018).These concepts of metacognition enhance English learning.
Xiao et al. (Sun,) studied this question.