Prediction of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in cesarian section with focus on carotid doppler ultrasound and cardiometry

The occurrence of hypotension following spinal anaesthesia has been seen in a significant number of elective instances when a comprehensive strategy for preventing and treating it was not implemented. Carotid corrected flow time changes provide a straightforward, dependable, and non-intrusive approach to anticipate blood volume without the need for arterial cannulation. Impedance cardiography has the ability to identify little variations in stroke volume that occur when the pregnant woman shifts her posture. Impedance cardiography tests indicated that there was a peak in cardiac contractility during the antepartum period. However, during the postpartum phase, there was a decline in contractility and a rise in thoracic fluid content.