Investigating the Interplay of Lipid Profile and Sex Hormone binding globulin Gene Polymorphism in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

During the postmenopausal phase, there is a significant hormonal shift in a woman's endocrine system. One of the most notable changes during this phase is a decline in estrogen levels, which has various physiological and health implications. The SHBG gene plays a critical role in this hormonal transition. SHBG is a protein produced by the liver that binds to sex hormones including estrogen and testosterone in the bloodstream. This binding serves to regulate the levels of these hormones in the body. In the context of menopause, changes in SHBG levels can influence the availability of estrogen and other hormones that significantly impact lipid metabolism and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to find the association between lipid profile and SHBG gene polymorphism of rs1799941 among postmenopausal women with and without diabetes. This case-control study was performed on four hundred post-menopausal women. The lipid profile was also determined. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood using a standard protocol, amplified by polymerase chain reaction. SNP genotype was performed using the Sanger sequencing method. Total cholesterol 174+45.5 mg/dl, triglycerides 158 + 55.6 mg/dl, LDL-C 98.30(75.10-10.95) and VLDL (27.74 + 10.95) mg/dl were significantly (p<0.05) higher whereas HDL-C (42.7 + 16.07) was significantly lower in the diabetic group. Based on the SHBG SNP rs 1799941, the circulating levels of SHBG showed a significant difference between the genotype. HDL-C decreased in the GG genotype when compared with the AA genotype.