Between 1996 and 2016, the Brazilian industrial bourgeoisie carried out a pendulum movement of rapprochement and subsequent separation from working class organizations and their political perspectives. In the long term, however, the tendency is for the possibility of new “developmentalist” cycles to narrow and for neoliberalism to deepen in Brazil.
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Gabriel Oliveira de Carvalho Senra (2024) studied this question.
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