Assessment of the Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Preventing Urinary Tract Infections Following Urological Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Urinary tract infection (UTI) can be considered one of the most frequent bacterial infections, and among the main indications for antibiotic use, in children. UTIs affect as much as 2% of the population admitted to community hospitals. Objective: The main objective of this randomized control trial was the assessment of the role of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing urinary tract infections following urological procedures. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from February 2023 to February 2024. Data were collected from 185 patients. Data were collected at baseline, immediately post-procedure, and during follow-up visits at 7, 14, and 30 days postoperatively. Baseline data included demographic information, medical history, and details of the urological procedure. Results: Data were collected from 185 patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The average ages were 55.2 ± 12.3 and 54.8 ± 11.9 years, respectively. Both groups had a comparable gender distribution with approximately 70% male and 30% female. BMI was also similar, with averages of 26.7 ± 4.5 for the intervention group and 26.9 ± 4.3 for the control group. The intervention group (n=93) had 7 patients (7.5%) who experienced antibiotic-related adverse events, while the control group (n=92) reported no adverse events (0%).Conclusion: It is concluded that prophylactic antibiotics significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infections in patients undergoing urological procedures.