Clinicopathological study of thyroid gland cancer among selected sample Basrah province between 2019-2022

Background. Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most prevalent cancer within the endocrine system and the head and neck region. Its incidence has been on the rise in Iraq over the past few decades, primarily owing to papillary thyroid carcinoma. This study’s objective is to explore the pathological variants, frequency, and demographic characteristics of TC in a sample of Basrah’s population and subsequently compare these elements with data from other regions in Iraq and globally. Methods. This study is a single-institutional retrospective review conducted at the Department of Pathology within Ports Teaching Hospital in Basrah, Iraq. We analyzed slides of thyroid tumors stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and biometric data gathered from histopathological reports. The cases for this study were identified between 2019 and 2022. Results. In this study, 51 cases were examined, comprised of six males and 45 females. The average age and histopathology patterns were analyzed, finding that the most common type of TC was the classic form of papillary thyroid carcinoma, as seen in 16 cases. The study noted a predominant female presence, accounting for 88.2% of the cases, while males comprised 11.8%. The median age among all subjects was 38 years. Conclusions. A review of all slides featuring thyroid tumors stained with H&E, combined with biometric data from histopathological reports, shows an increasing incidence of TC in Basrah City, Iraq. Predominantly, cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma outnumber those of follicular carcinoma.