Mining Effluent Control: Hydrogeological Integration for the Protection of Groundwater Sources

This study aims to identify the concentration levels of physical-chemical, inorganic and organic parameters through hydrochemistry, determining their origin, abundance, distribution and migration in the Pachapaqui mining unit.Methodologically, a detailed study was carried out that included ground and surface water sampling, chemical analysis to determine water quality, measurements of levels and flow rates, using different hydrogeological modelling diagrams to understand the dynamics of water flow in the study area.The main results revealed, through Piper's diagram, that the waters of the mine mouths contain predominantly Ca and SO4 ions, classifying them as sulphate (CaSO4).This composition, consistent with the local geology, was confirmed by the Stiff diagram.In addition, significant variability in SO4 levels was observed, suggesting the influence of factors such as lithology and acid mine drainage.The final conclusion indicates that the hydrochemical studies of the mine mouth waters are predominantly sulphate (CaSO4), influenced by geological factors and acid mine drainage.These findings, crucial for groundwater resource management, do not imply significant risks for the construction of pit plugs.