Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in the Permanent Dentition of Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Versus Controls- A Retrospective Analysis

This study investigates the prevalence and severity of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) compared to age-matched controls. MIH, a dental abnormality affecting enamel, is underexplored in the context of CLP. A retrospective analysis was conducted on records of 47 non-syndromic unilateral CLP patients and 25 controls, with MIH assessed via intraoral photographs. Statistical analyses included Pearson chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests. Results indicated higher MIH scores in CLP patients, especially in molars, with no significant differences for mandibular incisors between groups. Within CLP patients, MIH scores were similar between cleft and non-cleft sides except for maxillary lateral and central incisors. The prevalence of MIH was notably higher in the CLP group, corroborating existing literature on the higher incidence of dental anomalies in these patients. These findings emphasize the need for preventive dental measures and refined criteria for MIH diagnosis in CLP patients to ensure accurate assessment and effective oral health management. Further research is recommended to develop comprehensive diagnostic criteria for MIH in individuals with clefts, facilitating better treatment planning.