Clinical review demonstrates escalating mortality with cumulative vital organ failure in acutely ill patients, highlighting poor prognostic outcomes associated with renal involvement.
Acutely ill hospitalized patients are at risk of cascading failure of vital organs leading to prolonged stay in the hospital, persistent dysfunction of vital organs and higher probability of death. It is estimated that 50 to 75% of ICU patients have failure of one or more vital organs and as more organs are involved the risk of death increases [1, 2]. For example in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure (AOCLF) the 28 day probability of death increases from 20% with one vital organ failure to 90% or higher if 3 or more organs are involved. Dysfunction of brain, lungs, heart and kidneys are most commonly seen, kidney involvement is usually poor prognostic sign.
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Shahid Kamal (2024) studied this question.
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