Modern surgical approaches to the prostate and methods of prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (literature review)

Annotation. The article presents a literature review over the past 20 years regarding modern surgical approaches to the prostate and methods of prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. It was established that new alternative surgical approaches appeared during this period of time, namely: laparoscopic and robot-assisted prostatectomy (including single-port); transurethral laser and bipolar enucleation, laser photoselective vaporization and ablation techniques. These minimally invasive operations dramatically reduced the percentage of open prostatectomies, which remained the first choice for surgical treatment of large benign prostatic hyperplasia (greater than 80 ml). The authors provided a classification of surgical approaches and incisions during open and laparoscopic (robot-assisted) prostatectomies. The improvement of known open and laparoscopic operations, as well as the introduction of new transurethral endoscopic laser enucleation will improve the results of treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in Ukraine.