Next-generation core competency gaps for disaster risk management and preparedness in UNESCO-designated heritage sites

Heritage plays a critical role in sustainability. The absence of studies examining core competencies among UNESCO actors for disaster risk management (DRM) and preparedness in heritage sites prompted this survey. Respondents from 59 countries revealed a high rating of all listed competencies with significant discrepancies concerning relationship-building requiring attention. Additionally, substantial variations in competencies were linked to factors such as age, job positions, and previous experiences with disaster damages. Holistic DRM proficiency is the primary predictor of disaster preparedness within heritage sites. Thus, enhancing preparedness through experiential learning and coordinated knowledge-sharing mechanisms will preserve our collective heritage for sustainable futures.