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From the beginnings of life as a single cell to the intricate assembly of a fully developed organism, embryonic tissues undergo significant transformations to develop vital organs, while adult organisms continuously adapt to mechanical forces at cellular and tissue levels, crucial for sustaining essential life functions. This presentation delves into the intricate relationship between cellular resistance to mechanical forces and their coordinated movements, fundamental to both embryonic growth and adult health. I will explore three key aspects: Using computational models based on soft matter physics, we analyze shear-induced rigidity and the mechanisms driving fluidity in epithelial tissues; we examine the complex interactions between external mechanical stresses and internal cellular dynamics, uncovering a range of rheological behaviors like shear thickening—essential for understanding responses under diverse conditions; and we investigate the effects of cellular processes such as division and apoptosis on tissue states, focusing on the emergence of hexatic phases—an intermediate state displaying properties of both solids and liquids.
Dapeng Bi (Thu,) studied this question.