Novel association between superoxide dismutase polymorphism and progression of nocturnal enuresis

Nocturnal enuresis is an uncontrollable urination that only happens at night, after most children have stopped. At least three episodes of bedwetting in a patient who has never remained dry for more than six months are necessary for the diagnosis of primary monosymptomatic enuresis (PMNE). Till now, there is no clear connection between the genetic alteration and PMNE. Therefore, there is a crucial need to continue the investigation for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PMNE. The oxidative stress has been linked to numerous pathological diseases such as cancer, and neurological disease. The current study aimed to investigate the possible association between superoxide dismutase (SOD 1 and 2) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), level of metalloproteases and the risk of PMNE persisting into adolescence (10–18 years old). Fifty-three patients (10–18 years old) and 47 healthy children (age- and sex-matched) were included in the study. DNA was extracted for the detection of SNP in SOD1 and SOD2 by using allele-specific primers. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl (PC), SOD, catalase (CAT), and IL-8 were measured in control and patient groups. This study revealed a significant difference between studied groups as regard SOD1 rs17880135 and SOD2 rs4880. There was a significant higher median IL-8 among GT than GG & TT rs17880135 genotype. On the other hand, significant lower median IL-8 was found among CT than CC & TT SOD2 rs4880 genotype. A significantly higher median MDA was found among CT than CC & TT SOD2 rs4880 genotypes. This is the first study to demonstrate that there is an association between the genotype and allele frequencies of SOD1 rs17880135 and SOD2 rs4880 genotypes and the increased risk of nocturnal enuresis. These findings require large scale study among diverse ethnic and race children to better understand the development of the disease and its prevention.