Factors Associated with Hygiene Practices among Breastfeeding Mothers Attending Maternal and Child Health Clinic at Mandera County Referral Hospital, Kenya

Hygiene practices play an important role in the well-being and health of both breastfeeding mothers and their infants. Poor hygiene practice might contribute to spread of infection and disease, posing significant risks to the health of the mother-infant dyad. Understanding the factors associated with hygiene practices among breastfeeding mothers is essential for designing effective interventions to improve hygiene behaviors and promote better health outcomes. The study objective was to identify the factors associated with hygiene practices among breastfeeding mothers attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) clinic at Mandera County Referral Hospital. By examining these factors, the study aimed to inform targeted interventions that promote proper hygiene practices among breastfeeding mothers and ultimately improve maternal and child health in the region. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. A sample of 360 breastfeeding mothers attending the MCH clinic at Mandera County Referral Hospital were recruited. Quantitative data was collected through structured questionnaires. Additionally, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews were used to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS Version 26 while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Findings revealed varying levels of knowledge and adherence to hygiene practices among participants. Socio-cultural beliefs, economic constraints, and access to resources were identified as key determinants influencing hygiene behaviors. Limited access to clean water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene products posed significant challenges, particularly in rural communities. Healthcare providers played a crucial role in promoting hygiene practices but faced limitations in resource availability and infrastructure. Recommendations include integrating hygiene education into routine clinic visits, enhancing access to water and sanitation infrastructure, and strengthening community-based initiatives. Addressing socio-economic disparities and cultural norms is essential to improving hygiene practices and maternal and child health outcomes in Mandera County. Collaborative efforts involving policymakers, healthcare providers, and community stakeholders are needed to implement effective interventions and address the identified barriers.